https://paq.araku.ac.ir/ Literary Quranic Researches en daily 1 Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://paq.araku.ac.ir/article_726597.html Chomsky developed his rationalist and cognitive theory, known as Generative–Transformational Grammar, in opposition to the behaviorist and structuralist approaches, which focus primarily on surface structure. He proposed a connection between the apparent and underlying relations of expressions, emphasizing the mental realities underlying linguistic performance. According to Chomsky, the relationships among the components of a text are deeper than those observable in surface structure, behind which latent meanings reside. The term generative refers to the capacity of language to produce an infinite number of distinct expressions from a finite set of elements, while transformational denotes the process of examining surface structure—the overt linguistic expressions—to arrive at deep structure, which embodies latent meanings governed by syntactic rules. These rules constitute a systematic framework based on rational principles that must be uncovered. Ayat al-Kursi is ayah 255 of Surah al-Baqarah. Surah al-Baqarah is regarded as the master surah of the Qur’an, and its master ayah is Ayat al-Kursi. This ayah was revealed in response to a false belief attributed to some Jews, who claimed that Allah had grown weary from managing the heavens and the earth and would rest on His Throne on Friday to relieve His fatigue. Ayat al-Kursi was revealed to refute this claim and to affirm Allah’s eternal power, omnipotence, and freedom from weariness. Employing a descriptive–analytical method and Chomsky’s Generative–Transformational theory, this article seeks to examine Ayat al-Kursi. In this ayah, the rhetorical style of restriction (qasr)—realized through (1) negation and exception, (2) the definite article al- (alif and lam), and (3) the fronting of a quasi-sentence—along with the interrogative style used in the sense of negation and denial, constitutes the most prominent stylistic devices. These strategies serve to refute the aforementioned false belief and to affirm Allah’s eternal power and His perpetual governance of the heavens and the earth. Furthermore, transformations based on rank and augmentation through the use of negative particles represent the most prevalent transformational features in the ayah, functioning to negate explicitly the false beliefs being addressed. https://paq.araku.ac.ir/article_728864.html The application of cognitive grammar in linguistic research offers a new analytical perspective, examining language from a different angle. This approach can also be adopted in exploring the concepts of the Holy Quran. In its depiction of scenes related to the Day of Judgment—including its characteristics and prevailing atmosphere—the Quran presents a remarkable conceptualization, in which nouns and verbs play a significant role. This study examines the structures of nouns and verbs in Surah Al-Qiyamah and investigates how these two grammatical categories are conceptualized. The method for analyzing the conceptualization of nouns and verbs in this surah is descriptive-analytical, based on Ronald Langacker's framework of cognitive grammar. The findings indicate that in this surah, the grammatical category of nouns is used to highlight key scenes and states of the Day of Judgment, as well as to warn humanity through the components of focus and prominence. Furthermore, temporal relations (verbs) are employed primarily to outline the perspective of the occurrence of Judgment Day, thereby placing the audience within that context. Dynamic and stative verbs are also utilized to advance the scenes and to express the desires of those who deny resurrection. https://paq.araku.ac.ir/article_731568.html This study aims to deepen and expand the semantic–conceptual understanding of kufr and to elucidate the portrayal of disbelievers in the discourse of the Holy Qur’an. Adopting a descriptive–analytical approach and a qualitative methodology grounded in Halliday’s framework, the research examines and analyzes the concept of kufr in the ayahs of Surah al-Baqarah, with particular attention to its thematic centrality, through the lens of Halliday’s cohesion theory. From this perspective, various components function as cohesive elements that contribute to the overall unity of the text. Among these components, substitution emerges as one of the most effective devices in enhancing both the internal and external semantic cohesion of the discourse. The findings indicate that substitution ties at the clausal and the verbal levels play the most and the least significant roles, respectively, in creating and expanding semantic coherence aligned with the central objective of Surah al-Baqarah—namely, explicating the flow of divine guidance, discouraging innovation, and rejecting selective or partial engagement with the calls of divine prophets and heavenly scriptures. Consequently, these substitutional links elevate the semantic depth of the examined ayahs in relation to the conceptualization of kufr in Surah al-Baqarah. Moreover, they reveal a continuous, coherent, and decisive divine discourse on kufr and the confrontational stance of disbelievers toward the process of divine guidance. https://paq.araku.ac.ir/article_732543.html Applied linguistics, as an interdisciplinary field, investigates linguistic elements and textual structures in order to deepen understanding of meaning construction and to uncover implicit and context-dependent meanings. Within the Qur’anic worldview, humanity is inherently dialogic, as Almighty God consistently employs dialogue to communicate truths and human interests. Through prophetic interactions, dialogue is established as the most effective means of idea transmission, conflict resolution, and consensus building. Herbert Paul Grice, the analytic philosopher of language, reflects this dialogic orientation in his formulation of the Cooperative Principle governing conversation, speech acts, and implicature. For Grice, conversation is a purposeful, rational, and cooperative activity governed by four maxims: Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner. Contextually motivated and intentional flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicatures. The present study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine selected dialogues in Surah Hūd (ayahs 30–116) through the framework of Grice’s Cooperative Principle. The findings indicate frequent floutings of all four maxims across the analyzed ayahs. In Prophet Noah’s (AS) dialogues with his people, violations of the maxims of Manner, Relation, and Quantity occur at equal rates, whereas violations of the maxim of Quality are least frequent. These pragmatic deviations function not as communicative failures but as strategic rhetorical devices that activate the audience’s rational expectations, generate rich implicatures, reinforce monotheistic urgency, expose obstinacy, and emphasize divine justice. The study thus demonstrates that the Qur’anic discourse skillfully employs maxim flouting in alignment with universal pragmatic principles, affirming dialogue as the optimal medium for conveying transcendent truth. https://paq.araku.ac.ir/article_732568.html The Holy Qur’an, as the eternal miracle of the Seal of the Prophets (PBUH), has attracted the attention of scholars from various disciplines, including literary studies, who have conducted extensive research on it. In the contemporary era, numerous theories concerning literary texts and their modes of analysis and evaluation have been proposed, among which structuralism is one of the most widely applied approaches, with narratology being perhaps its most significant manifestation. The present study, adopting a descriptive–analytical method, examines the text of Surah al-Fil with the aim of identifying and presenting its narratological aspects based on Gérard Genette’s narratology. The findings indicate that the narrative structure of the surah is shaped through techniques such as anachrony, narrative summary, and repetitive frequency. The narrator of the surah (God) simultaneously assumes the roles of an omniscient narrator and the primary actant, a combination that gives rise to a distinctive form of focalization. Moreover, the use of rhetorical questions and the integration of the audience’s viewpoint and perceptual horizon into the narrative generate a type of participatory focalization, thereby engaging the audience in the cognitive process of the narrative. This narrative structure demonstrates that the Qur’an, through the employment of distinctive narrative patterns, has produced a discourse in which form and content are aligned in the service of its ultimate purpose: the guidance of humanity. https://paq.araku.ac.ir/article_733785.html   One of the most famous theories of discourse mining is Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis, which deals with situational and textual context with two social and linguistic approaches. This new method helps to construct social identities, social relations, knowledge systems, and meaning. According to Fairclough, discourse has three functions: identity, relational, and thought. In each analysis, two dimensions of discourse are considered, namely the communicative event, which is an example of applied language, including: an article, a newspaper, an interview, or a political speech, and the discourse order, the configuration of all discourses that are of focal importance within an institution or social realm. Fairclough considers each use of language to be a communicative event that has three dimensions: text, discursive, and social practice. The article Discourse Transformation in the Quranic Verses of the Repository of Secrets, based on the theory of Kalaf, has attempted to express the relationship between the internal and external criteria of the text, and the dominant power of the society in which the literary work was formed from a three-dimensional perspective: describing, interpreting, and explaining the military influence of the noble Quranic verses used in the Repository of Secrets, and has analyzed the manifestation of this metatextual influence in the military verses in this enduring work on social classes and official discourse. The result of the research at the three-dimensional level: description in the structure of the text, such as ideological words and sentences, interpretation in the dominance of divine discourse over the discourses of kings and arrogant people, and in explaining the influence of the metatext and official discourse on society and personalities, precisely contains the result of the research and research in an objective and public manner.