Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
PhD Student in Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Abstract
The Qur’ān is the principal religious text of Muslims, serving as a guide for human education, moral development, and spiritual guidance. Poets and writers have drawn inspiration from it. Kelileh o Demneh by Nasrallah Manshi is a literary-educational work featuring nested stories with Qur’ānic influences. Julia Kristeva, the theorist behind the literary and philosophical concept of intertextuality, proposed that texts interact through partial, parallel, and general intertextual negation. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method to examine the Qur’ān as the hypotext (prior and primary text) and Kelileh o Demneh as the hypertext (later and secondary text), based on Kristeva’s threefold negation framework. The findings revealed that Kelileh o Demneh incorporates the Qur’ān’s moral and educational teachings, utilizing divine scripture through various methods—affirmation, emphasis, persuasion, defense, promises, and warnings. Most of the allusions in Kelileh o Demneh reference the Qur’ān’s ethical and instructional teachings, employing partial negation to derive meaning. The literary techniques in Kalila o Demneh—often employing comparisons through simile structures that assert superiority, equality, or contrast—are repurposed with an approach of negating parallelism in the ayahs, rendering them secondary in rank. Meanwhile, the overall structure and content of Kelileh oDemneh, which avoids excessive complexity or transformation of Qur’ānic ayahs, reflects general negation and occupies the third tier.
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