Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Professor, Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2
Associate Professor, Arabic Language and Literature, University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan, Iran
3
M.A. Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Erich Fromm was a German psychologist who, like most psychologists, offers an organized and integrated definition of human beings. According to him, human personality is influenced by social and cultural forces that affect him within the scope of culture, as well as the general forces that have affected humanity throughout history. Therefore, mankind has been wandering between the two forces of good and evil, which Fromm refers to as growth and decay; two forces that are involved in determining the nature of human personality. The Holy Qurʾān also specifically tells the history of people who have been overcome by the power of good in addition to those whose will and actions have been dominated by the power of evil, in order to serve as a lesson for the future generations. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical research, using Erich From's theory of growth and decay, tries to investigate the mental and behavioral states of the personality of Prophet Musa (AS) and Pharaoh, in order to find the internal and external characteristics that show the path of the exaltation of Prophet Musa (AS) and the destruction of Pharaoh. It is inferred from the findings of this research that the signs of growth and decay in the personality of these people have crystallized in different ways. The components of growth in the personality of Prophet Musa (AS) are summed up in his biophilia, freedom from his mother figure, and love for humans. However, among the diseases of Erich Fromm's theory, necrophilia, incestuous symbiosis, and severe narcissism can be seen in Pharaoh, which is reflected in his life in different ways, such as dramatic violence and vengeful violence.
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